12 General Anatomy of the Heart | Thoracic Key
Horizontal long-axis (four-chamber) views are double oblique planes of the heart perpendicular to both the interventricular septum and AV planes. Vertical long-axis (two-chamber) views of the heart are parallel to the interventricular septum plane and perpendicular to the AV plane (Fig. 12‑9). Taking above concepts into consideration, the ...
Horizontal Long Axis Imaging Plane for Evaluation of Right …
The straight line on the horizontal long axis images (a and c) depicts the location of the corresponding basilar short-axis image in diastole (c) and at the same location with the ventricle in systole (d). Example illustrates the apical displacement of the tricuspid valve plane with systole (d) and the thin wall of the right ventricle that can ...
Standardized Myocardial Segmentation and …
Diagram of vertical long-axis (VLA, approximating the 2-chamber view), horizontal long-axis (HLA, approximating the 4-chamber view), and short-axis (SA) planes showing the name, location, and …
Automatic slice alignment method for cardiac magnetic
Objectives Automatic slice alignment is important for easier operation and shorter examination times in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. We propose a new automatic slice alignment method for six cardiac planes (short-axis, vertical long-axis, horizontal long-axis, 4-chamber, 2-chamber, and 3-chamber views). …
Practical Guide to Evaluating Myocardial Disease by Cardiac …
A, Balanced steady-state free precession MR images are obtained in standard cardiac planes: short-axis (A), four-chamber and horizontal long-axis (B), two-chamber and vertical long-axis (C), and three-chamber (D) views. These images allow quantification of ventricular function, volume, and mass; assessment for global and …
Cardiac MRI | Radiology Key
The standard cardiac planes are short-axis, four-chamber (horizontal long axis), and vertical long-axis (two-chamber) views. Additional commonly used cardiac planes include the right ventricular …
Cardiac MRI
Normal Anatomy. MRI is able to obtain images in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. However, MRI is also able to image in other planes that are angulated specific to the heart. They are the vertical long axis, horizontal long axis (four chamber), short axis, and three chamber views. Below are a series of images in the axial plane. Mouse ...
Practical Guide to Evaluating Myocardial Disease …
A, Balanced steady-state free precession MR images are obtained in standard cardiac planes: short-axis (A), four-chamber and horizontal long-axis (B), two-chamber and vertical long-axis (C), and …
Left Ventricular Segments for Echocardiography and …
With regards to echocardiography, this implies that the following planes are used: short axis, vertical long axis, and horizontal long axis. These …
Radiographic positioning terminology
the axial plane (transverse or transaxial plane): horizontal plane perpendicular to the long axis of the body. divides the body into superior and inferior parts. the sagittal plane: vertical plane parallel to the median plane (or midsagittal plane) divides the body into right half and left halves
Cardiac Imaging Planes | Thoracic Key
The main planes used for cardiac imaging include two long axis views (the horizontal and vertical long axis) and the short axis …
A guide to Cardiac Imaging
The standard planes include Vertical Long Axis (VLA) or 2 Chamber view (2C), Horizontal Long Axis (HLA) or 4 Chamber view (4C) and multiple, contiguous short axis views. ... The minimal method requires a good long axis view through the middle of the LV although two orthogonal views are better. As stated above, every heart is different. ...
A systematic approach for analysis, interpretation, and reporting …
a Guide for adjusting imaging planes from the CT standard planes to the standard cardiac planes [i.e., short axis (white line), orthographic long axis (blue lines), and horizontal long axis view (orange lines)]. b Guide for adjusting imaging planes from the standard cardiac planes to the "three- and four-chamber view."
Cardiac Imaging: Part 1, MR Pulse Sequences, …
The standard cardiac planes are established using the scout images and include short axis, horizontal long axis (four-chamber view), and vertical long axis (two-chamber view) . These planes are prescribed along a line …
Horizontal Long Axis View
Horizontal Long Axis View. The horizontal long axis (four chamber view) is best for evaluating the septal and lateral walls and apex of the left ventricle, the right ventricular …
AHA Scientific Statement
imaging modalities should be short axis, vertical long axis, and horizontal long axis. These correspond to the short-axis, apical 2-chamber, and apical 4-chamber planes traditionally used in 2D echocardiography. Number of Segments The muscle and cavity of the left ventricle can be divided into a variable number of segments. Two-dimensional ...
Evaluation and classification of right ventricular wall motion
The present study emphasises the advantage of the horizontal long-axis plane. The HLA view is a standardised image plane that is aligned along the long axis of the heart centred at the midventricular level. In healthy subjects, longitudinal RV shortening is predominant over circumferential RV shortening (19–21). This may be the reason why ...
12 General Anatomy of the Heart | Thoracic Key
Horizontal long-axis (four-chamber) views are double oblique planes of the heart perpendicular to both the interventricular septum and AV planes. Vertical long-axis (two-chamber) views of the heart are …
5 SPECT and SPECT/CT for the Cardiovascular System
In the figures of this chapter, stress and rest myocardial perfusion images are displayed in alternate rows. The short-axis images (SA, top two rows) are displayed from apex to base (left to right), the horizontal long-axis imaging (HLA, middle two rows) are displayed from the inferior to the anterior wall (left to right), and the vertical long …
(PDF) Horizontal Long Axis Imaging Plane for …
Acquiring the right horizontal long axis cine stack. A stack of parallel cine balanced steady-state free precession images (straight lines) is aligned parallel to the horizontal long axis of the ...
Cardiovascular System Scintigraphy | Radiology …
In the horizontal long axis images, the short septum and long lateral or "free" walls are well seen. The long axis images also show the apex very well. The effective half-life (T1/2), or 50% washout, of Tl …
Standardized cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging …
Horizontal long axis aligned orthogonal to the vertical long axis, passing through the apex and center of the mitral valve. 4. Steady state free precession short axis cine images, from the mitral valve plane through the apex. The basal most short axis slice should be located immediately on the myocardial side of the atrioventricular junction at ...
Change the scale of the horizontal (category) axis in a chart
This displays the Chart Tools, adding the Design and Format tabs. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click the arrow in the box at the top, and then click Horizontal (Category) Axis. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click Format Selection. In the Format Axis pane, do any of the following:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy protocol (MRI)
horizontal long axis view or 4-chamber view (4ch) angulation: along the left ventricular long axis through the apex and the centers of the mitral and tricuspid valves; volume: including the anterior and inferior wall or a single slice; left ventricular vertical long axis or view 2-chamber view (2ch)
A systematic approach for analysis, interpretation, …
The horizontal long axis plane provides longitudinal views of the LAD, the distal RCA, and the PDA, and perpendicular views of the middle parts of the RCA and …
Normal Cardiovascular Anatomy for Imaging | Radiology Key
The left ventricular long axis view is a plane midway between the vertical and horizontal planes. The planes that are perpendicular to the long axis are called the short axis planes. Examples are the atrial, basal ventricular, midventricular, and apical ventricular short axis planes ( Fig. 1.3C ).
(PDF) Anatomy of the Heart at Multidetector CT: What the Radiologist
Horizontal long-axis MPR image illus-trates calculation of the LA area. The yellow line drawn. along the endocardial border of the LA creates an ir-regular ellipse. Most workstations can quickly ...
Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy: Techniques, …
The bottom two rows are horizontal long axis (HLA) at stress and rest. Normal appearance of attenuation correction MPS In general, image appearance following attenuation correction is superior with regard to contrast and resolution. 12, 13 The right ventricle appears more prominent on corrected images but should not be confused with …
Step-by-Step Analysis of Cardiac Chambers in CT
Vertical Long-Axis and True Two-Chamber Views. The vertical long-axis view of the left ventricle is obtained from a plane that passes through the center of the mitral valve and left ventricular apex, parallel to the midportion of the interventricular septum. This view of the left ventricle is a single oblique cardiac imaging plane and is an ...
Cardiac imaging planes | Radiology Reference Article …
short axis view (corresponding to the echocardiographic parasternal short axis plane) planes perpendicular to the long axis. horizontal long axis view (corresponding to the echocardiographic apical 4-chamber plane) planes parallel to that plane containing …
