Extent of reduction of ilmenite concentrates and synthetic rutile …
Download scientific diagram | Extent of reduction of ilmenite concentrates and synthetic rutile in H 2-N 2 gas mixture at 1300 °C. from publication: Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation of ...
The experimental replacement of ilmenite by rutile in HCl …
To determine the mechanism of acid-leaching of ilmenite to ultimately forming rutile, we have carried out an experimental study of ilmenite alteration in autoclaves at 150°C in HCl solutions. ... and may represent mixtures of TiO 2 and Fe 2 O 3. The fracturing is possibly driven by volume changes associated with dissolution of ilmenite …
Ilmenite
Ilmenite is an iron titanium oxide. It is the principal ore of titanium. It is black (or dark gray) and has a metallic luster. ... Leucoxene is a mixture of several oxide minerals, it is not a mineral itself. ... It is usually accompanied by magnetite and possibly by a small amount of rutile and zircon as well (they are even more resistant to ...
Mineralogical evaluation of a new global ilmenite resource …
This term is used to indicate mixtures of ilmenite and pseudorutile that contain crystalline water. Pseudorutile is due to the exchange of hydrogen for iron during hydration, and it presents a wide spectrum of homogeneity ... Sample S1 is the most diversified among the sampled sets, verifying lower ilmenite, zircon, and rutile rates. …
Synthesis of high purity rutile nanoparticles from medium …
A mixture from the ilmenite (FeTiO3) and activated carbon was milled for 30 h. This mixture was annealed at 1200 °C for one hour and the product was leached by hydrochloric acid and calcined at ...
In Situ Synchrotron Powder Diffraction Studies of Reduction …
Transformations of phases during ilmenite oxidation also occur slower than under TGA conditions. However, the trends shown in Figures 9 and 10 demonstrate that certain amount of already oxidized material exists in hematite form, and the complete recovery of ilmenite–hematite–rutile mixtures to pseudobrookite may take a much …
Mechanically Activated Rutile and Ilmenite as the Starting …
Mechanically activated rutile ore used in aluminothermic reduction saved 30% booster expenses and decreased Cl2 emissions. Mechanical activation of ilmenite and ilmenite/aluminum mixtures was performed, and the kinetics of subsequent hydrometallurgical production of synthetic TiO2 by pressure and normal leaching were …
Ball milling – A green and sustainable technique for the preparation …
Ilmenite is a naturally available mineral that is highly applicable in the synthesis of pure TiO 2.Titania mainly presents in four polymorphs as rutile, anatase, brookite and TiO 2 –B. Titania could be mined from minerals such as ilmenite, leucoxene and rutile among which ilmenite is the main source. Ball milling is a mechanical …
Effects of H2, CO, and a gas mixture on the reduction …
The reduction of raw and pre-oxidized ilmenite concentrates by H 2, CO, and a gas mixture in the temperature range of 950–1050 °C was investigated. Based on the characterization results, the following conclusions are obtained: 1. The theoretical mass-loss ratios of the raw and pre-oxidized ilmenite concentrates were 0.10 and 0.13, …
Leaching of ilmenite to produce titanium based …
Production of rutile from natural ilmenite via anion-exchange was reported to produce rutile without any traces of iron. Eluting a column containing ilmenite with …
Methods of Extracting TiO2 and Other Related …
Ilmenite and rutile exhibit a major contrast in their chemical compositions, where ilmenite comprises a significant fraction of both titanium dioxide and ferrous oxide, represented as FeTiO 3 or …
Carbothermic reduction of ilmenite and rutile as means of …
Pelletised mixtures of iron, rutile or ilmenite, and collie coal were heated in a tube furnace to temperatures between 1300 and 1600°C under flowing argon. The microstructures of reacted pellets were examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy and the phases present were characterised by X-ray diffraction. Excellent …
Selective flotation of ilmenite from ilmenite-rutile mixtures
Micro-flotation tests indicated that the recovery of rutile diminished to zero above pH 11.5 in the presence of 6×10 −6 M HTAA, while ilmenite kept floating at this pH. A selective separation of ilmenite from ilmenite-rutile mixtures was carried out using 7.5×10 −6 HTAA at pH 12. The flotation recovery of ilmenite reached 84 % while that ...
Processing of ilmenite into synthetic rutile using ball milling …
The optimum ilmenite to additives ratio for ilmenite to rutile conversion was found to be 4:1. The occurrence of pyrite and pseudorutile peaks in XRD spectra of milled samples indicates that ilmenite reduction was initiated during ball milling. ... These observations confirm that the most efficient material is the mixture of ilmenite, sulphur ...
Studying the Effectiveness of Synthetic Rutile Made …
The other source of titanium and its compound is rutile (TiO 2 ). It is one of the important ores of titanium and its oxide. The large availability of ilmenite makes it the …
Rutile and its applications in earth sciences
With an estimated TiO 2 concentration of about 0.7 wt.% (Rudnick and Fountain, 1995), titanium is the ninth most abundant element of the Earth's continental crust.The most important titanium minerals are rutile (TiO 2), ilmenite (FeTiO 3) and titanite (CaTiSiO 5) (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).Rutile is an accessory mineral in a variety of …
A New Approach to Processing Rutile from Ilmenite …
This result suggests a new process flow of rutile extraction from ilmenite ore: natural ilmenite ore can be first oxidized in air below 929 K to coprecipitate rutile, and …
Process development for treatment of complex perovskite, ilmenite …
A mixture of phosphoric acid ester and succinamate was the most effective for rutile flotation. ... the recovery of ilmenite and perovskite from these ores exists. 1407 1408 S. Bulatovic and D. M. Wyslouzil Flotation of ilmenite, rutile and perovskite can be achieved (Naifonov et al., 1980; Vikolaeva et al., 1986) using aliphatic acids at acid ...
Carbothermic reduction of ilmenite and rutile as means of …
Abstract An assessment has been made of the viability of producing Fe–Ti(O,C) metal matrix composites by the one step carbo thermic reduction of iron-ilmenite and iron-rutile mixtures with coal. Pelletised mixtures of iron, rutile or ilmenite, and collie coal were heated in a tube furnace to temperatures between 1300 and 1600°C …
Ilmenite
Archaeology and Anthropology. P. Degryse, D. Braekmans, in Treatise on Geochemistry (Second Edition), 2014 14.14.2.3.2.2.4 Ti. Titanium is strongly fractionated into Fe–Ti oxides (e.g., ilmenite or titanomagnetite) and to a lesser extent in accessory phases, such as sphene or rutile. Ti oxides and ilmenite are very resistant to weathering and are …
Mechanically Activated Rutile and Ilmenite as the …
Mechanically Activated Rutile and Ilmenite as the Starting Materials for Process of Titanium Alloys Production. Written By. Marcela Achimovičová, Christoph Vonderstein and Bernd Friedrich. Submitted: …
Chemical and mineralogical composition of ilmenite
Along the direction of the triad axis, pairs of Ti ions alternate with pairs of Fe 2 + ions; thus each cation layer is a mixture of Fe 2 + and Ti 4 +. The formula of ilmenite may be more fully expressed as (Fe, Mg, Mn) ... XRD phase analysis indicated the samples were composed of ilmenite, pseudorutile and rutile. SEM morphology studies ...
Methods of Extracting TiO2 and Other Related …
Although ilmenite and rutile are extensively used to extract TiO2 at the industrial level, through the sulphate and chloride processes, they can also be recognized to possess the potential to be employed as …
Effect of ilmenite properties on synthetic rutile quality
Australia hosts most of the important titanium-based minerals, including ilmenite (FeTiO 3), leucoxene or altered ilmenite (FeTiO 3) and rutile (TiO 2). Ilmenite is a mineralogical mixture of titanium dioxide (TiO 2) and iron oxide (FeO).
Effects of H2, CO, and a gas mixture on the reduction …
Titaniferous minerals exist mainly in the form of ilmenite and rutile, which are the major sources of titanium and its derivative products. Ilmenite is a mineral resource of ... [33] investigated the reduction of ilmenite in H 2 /CO mixture gases. They demonstrated that the consumption rates of H 2 and CO remained high when the …
Value Addition to Ilmenite Using Carbonized Waste Coconut …
The value addition potential of ilmenite was examined using several characterization techniques. Raw ilmenite is composed of 93.65 wt.% of FeOTiO2, 3.55 wt.% of SiO2, 1.22 wt.% of Al2O3, and the remainder being other minor oxides. Ilmenite and powdered carbonized coconut shells were mixed in the weight ratio of 4:1. A …
(PDF) Ilmenite breakdown and rutile-titanite stability in
For low-Ca activities, rutile may be stable down to 0.7 GPa (and below) within ilmenite pseudomorphs while the titanite stability field may extend to pressures >1.3 GPa for Ca-richer compositions.
Mechanically induced reduction of ilmenite (FeTiO3) and rutile …
The two mixtures showed no reaction after mixing, as expected. DTA of the ilmenite/magnesium and rutile/magnesium mixtures are shown in Fig. 1 with both systems showing an endotherm with onset at ∼320°C. This was determined to be the dehydration of Mg(OH) 2 present in the magnesium, agreeing with work on pure Mg(OH) 2 6, 7, 8.
Ilmenite
A Case Study. T. Smijs, S. Pavel, in Nanoengineering, 2015 2.1 Manufacturing. Ilmenite (FeTiO 3) and rutile (TiO 2) are the most important ores used as raw material for TiO 2.Although natural rutile contains a high amount of TiO 2 with low level of impurities, the mineral is becoming scarce and thus more costly. Consequently, ilmenite is currently …
(PDF) Mechanically Activated Rutile and Ilmenite as the …
(8.4 kg of mixture) and mid‐scale (18.2 kg of mixture) levels, with a variation in the reaction parameters such as time of mechanical activation of rutile concentrate (0, 1, 2, and 3 h), grain size
