chlorite vermiculite formation

Weathering of Chlorite and Vermiculite in Ultramafic …

Chloritic veins in serpentinite and their weathering products were analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). Chlorite formed during the Hercynian-age orogenesis had apparently been partly transformed to high-charge vermiculite during subsequent metamorphism of the rocks. The idealized structural …

Experimental Alteration of a Chlorite into a Regularly

A IIb orthochlorite (brunsvigite), from the chloritic metabasalt in the Middletown Valley of Maryland, was altered to a regularly interstratified chlorite—vermiculite after four months reaction in saturated bromine water on the steambath. The artificial weathering product resembles the regularly interstratified chlorite—vermiculite in a soil in Adams …

Clay mineral

For interstratified structures of three component layers, structures consisting of illite/chlorite/smectite and illite/vermiculite/smectite have been reported. Because certain interstratified structures are known to be stable under relatively limited conditions, their occurrence may be used as a geothermometer or other geoindicator.

Weathering Studies. 1. New Data on Vermiculite

portant change in vermiculite occurs gradually, becoming quite marked above 3000; this change leads to a redistribution of the mica-layer Mg21 and the formation of a "chlorite …

Chlorite: Mineral description, properties and …

Chlorite is the name of a group of common sheet silicate minerals that form during the early stages of metamorphism. Most chlorite minerals are green in color, have a foliated appearance, perfect cleavage, and an oily …

Chlorite (Mineral)

Clay Mineralogy and Chemistry. William Bleam, in Soil and Environmental Chemistry (Second Edition), 2017. 3.4.5 Layer Structure of Chlorite Group Minerals. X-ray diffraction identifies two clay minerals with a characteristic 1.4 nm layer spacing: the chlorite mineral group and a hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite or smectite.Hydroxy- interlayered smectite …

Weathering of Chlorite: I. Reactions and Products in …

The alteration of chlorite to vermiculite was characterized by the loss of Mg and Fe and minor Al, all ions considered to be lost from the brucite-like sheet of chlorite. ... Cho, H.D. and Mermut, A.R. (1992) Evidence for halloysite formation from weathering of ferruginous chlorite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 40, 608–619. Article Google Scholar

Clay-Mineral Formation in Soils Developed in the …

The formation of both vermiculite and smectite at the expense of chlorite was observed in the soils studied. The transformation probably led to smectite formation via intermediate stages of mixed-layer minerals (i.e. chlorite-vermiculite, chlorite-smectite, and/or vermiculite-smectite). The process of chlorite dissolution took place ...

Weathering of chlorite from grain to watershed: The role …

Experimental Alteration of a Chlorite into a Regularly Interstratified Chlorite-Vermiculite by Chemical Oxidation journal, January 1976. Ross, G. J. Clays and Clay Minerals, Vol. 24, Issue 4; ... (Marcellus Formation) in the Ridge and Valley Appalachians in Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Consistent with the low erosion rate of the landscape, we ...

Weathering Studies. 1. New Data on Vermiculite

portant change in vermiculite occurs gradually, becoming quite marked above 3000; this change leads to a redistribution of the mica-layer Mg21 and the formation of a "chlorite-like" phase of the vermiculite com-position. It is therefore clear that no primary vermiculite could have crystallized under even mild hydro-thermal conditions.

Weathering of chlorite from grain to watershed: The role …

Jin et al. (2010) first identified the existence of chlorite, vermiculite and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite (HIV) in soils at Shale Hills. ... This indicates the formation of HIV with a high interlayer-filling degree (i.e., close to structure of chlorite, Chapman, 1986, Barnhisel and Bertsch, 1989). We interpreted this as the initial stage ...

Weathering of Chlorite to a Low-Charge Expandable …

In the BC horizon, chlorite has undergone partial transformation into 2 vermiculitic components, in 1 of which the interlayer could be removed by hot Na …

Weathering of chlorite and some associations of trace elements …

Many mineralogists studied its weathering pathways under different geochemical environments. One common pathway was the dissolution of chlorite to leave either no solid products or only noncrystalline silica (Adams et al., 1971; Bain, 1977; Berthelin and Belgy, 1979), another route was its alteration to vermiculite accompanied …

Mixed-layer clays | SpringerLink

Formation of soil vermiculites is a massive phenomenon in temperate climates and this material has been identified in fresh sediments. Its further evolution during diagenesis remains obscure. ... Chlorite–Smectite (vermiculite) (C–S) C–S is the second most common mixed-layer mineral in sedimentary rocks, ...

Clay Mineralogy | SpringerLink

Fine-grained illite, chlorite, and vermiculite can be formed via mild weathering of primary aluminosilicate minerals, whereas kaolinite and residual metal oxides/hydroxides are typically produced by intense weathering . Intermediate weathering conditions lead to formation of smectite (montmorillonite ).

Chlorite and biotite weathering, Fe2+-rich corrensite …

The formation of Fe 2+ -rich corrensite and that of Fe 2+ -rich smectite or vermiculite in the laboratory at 1 atm of P CO2 and ≤3 × 10 −5 atm of P O2 ( Murakami et al. 2004) …

Experimental alteration of Mg-vermiculite under

The hydrothermal reactivity of a Mg-vermiculite from Santa Olalla (Spain) was studied experimentally at 150 and 300°C, 75 and 100 bars, respectively, in (Na, K, Ca, Mg) chloride and sulphate solutions (liquid/solid ratio = 10). The formation of mixed-layer clays is demonstrated by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron ...

WEATHERING OF CHLORITE AND VERMICULITE IN …

1985) of soil formation on serpentinite in Cabo Ortegal (northwestern Spain), macroscopic chlorite was found ... mation of chlorite/vermiculite was the result of chem- 263 . 264 Buurman, Meijer, ...

Experimental alteration of Mg-vermiculite under

The most important change in vermiculite occurs gradually, becoming quite marked above 300°; this change leads to a redistribution of the mica-layer and the formation of a "chlorite-like" phase ...

USGS OFR01-041: Mixed-layer clays

Commonly described mixed-layer clays include: illite-vermiculite, illite-smectite, chlorite-vermiculite (corrensite), chlorite-smectite, and kaolinite-smectite. Mixed-layer clays can form by weathering involving the …

10.5: Clay Minerals

Vermiculite: 2:1 (Mg, Fe 2+, Fe 3+) 3 ((Al, Si) 4 O 10)(OH) 2 ∙ 4H 2 O : Talc: 2:1: Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 : Chlorite: 2:1 (Mg, Fe) 3 (SI, Al) 4 O 10 (OH) 2 ∙ (Mg, Fe) 3 …

Vermiculite | SpringerLink

This process is reversible, that is, expanded vermiculite layers (1.4 nm) can contract to 1.0 nm mica type layers in the presence of K + ions. Vermiculites are not stable even at mildly hydrothermal conditions (>200–300°C). In these conditions, chlorite is formed instead of vermiculite, although the chlorite in turn could alter to vermiculite.

Chlorite Vermiculitization and Pyroxene Etching in an …

Weathering has etched and deeply-denticulated the constituent orthopyroxenes, and chlorite has been transformed to vermiculite in the upper 3 m of …

Distinction of Vermiculite, Chlorite and Montmorillonite in …

Abstract. THE frequency with which vermiculitic and chloritic minerals as well as montmorillonites probably occur in soil-clays makes it necessary to have a clear-cut method for distinguishing ...

The Geology of Vermiculite Occurrences | Clays and Clay …

Vermiculite in mixed-layer association with biotite, phlogopite, and chlorite is likewise believed to be of supergene origin. Article PDF. Download to ... (this volume) Formation of dioctahedral vermiculite in ia soils: This volume. Ross, C. S. and Shannon, E. V. (1926) Nickeliferous vermiculite and serpentine from Webster, North Carolina ...

Clay Minerals | Formation, Properties, Uses, Occurrence

Chlorite: Chlorite is a 2:1 type of clay mineral that contains magnesium and iron ions in its octahedral layer. It is commonly found in volcanic rocks and is used as a drilling mud additive. Vermiculite: Vermiculite is a 2:1 type of clay mineral that can expand when heated. It has a high cation exchange capacity and is commonly used as a soil ...

Does calcium carbonate influence clay mineral …

The studied soils did not contain mica-vermiculite minerals, which indicated that dioctahedral vermiculite formed rather at the expense of chlorite than mica. Formation of vermiculite at the expense of chlorite is a commonly reported process for trioctahedral species (e.g., Adams and Kassim 1983; Argast 1991; Bain 1977; Murakami …

Experimental alteration of Mg-vermiculite under …

Experimental alteration of Mg-vermiculite under hydrothermal conditions: formation of mixed-layered saponite-chlorite minerals - Volume 38 Issue 3 ... vermiculite chlorite saponite XRD microprobe data FT-IR. Type Research Article. Information Clay Minerals, Volume 38, Issue 3, September 2003, pp. 303 - 314.

WEATHERING OF CHLORITE: I. REACTIONS AND PRODUCTS …

The alteration of chlorite to vermiculite was characterized by the loss of Mg and Fe and minor Al, all ions considered to be lost from the brucite-like sheet of chlorite. The Fe …

Weathering of Chlorite in a Quartz-Chlorite Schist: I.

The transformation of chlorite to vermiculite is chemically characterized by an Fe and Mg loss with a slight decrease in the Al/Si ratio. Mg continues to be released throughout the weathering. Fe minerals formed through chlorite weathering are located between chlorite and vermiculite domains (a few μm in size) at first, and then …