chile magnetite sand deposits

The Magmatic to Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution of the El Laco Deposit

The El Laco deposits comprise six massive, strata-bound magnetite bodies interbedded with andesitic lava flows, with only a few stratigraphically younger andesite units overlaying the deposits 9,29 .

Vanadium Resources in Titaniferous Magnetite Deposits

VANADIUM RESOURCES IN TITANIFEROUS MAGNETITE DEPOSITS BY R. p. FISCHER ABSTRACT Titaniferous magnetite deposits are magmatic accumulations of magnetite and ilmenite. They commonly contain 0.2 to 1 percent V 2 0 5, most of which is concentrated in the magnetite, and they have become the world's principal source of …

The Montecristo mining district, northern Chile: the

The Montecristo district, northern Chile, is one of the few places worldwide where there is a direct relationship between magnetite-(apatite) (MtAp) mineralization and iron oxide-copper–gold (IOCG) mineralization. The MtAp mineralization includes Ti-poor magnetite, fluorapatite, and actinolite and is crosscut and partially replaced by a …

Tracking isotopic sources of immiscible melts at the …

The long-standing controversy about the origin of magnetite-(apatite) mineral deposits pertains to how they form. The Pleistocene El Laco deposit in northern Chile is a critical location because the host andesite contains immiscible melt inclusions trapped in plagioclase and clinopyroxene phenocrysts that reveal the involvement of …

Genetic model of the El Laco magnetite-apatite deposits by …

Magnetite-apatite deposits are important sources of iron and other metals. A prominent example are the magnetite lavas at the El Laco volcano, Northern Chile. Their formation processes remain debated.

Mineralogy and provenance of the TiO₂

The deposit consists of fine- to medium- grained, unconsolidated red sediments, hosting heavy minerals. The deposit mineral assemblage is made up of non-valuable phases comprising mostly magnetite, hematite, chromite, monazite, and the valuable phases dominated by ilmenite (50.91 wt. %), with additional zircon and rutile (9.96 and 3.52 wt ...

The Geochemistry of Magnetite and Apatite from the El …

The textures of outcrop and near-surface exposures of the massive magnetite orebodies (>90 vol % magnetite) at the Plio-Pleistocene El Laco iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit in northern Chile are similar to basaltic lava flows and have compositions that overlap high- and low-temperature hydrothermal magnetite. Existing …

Geochemistry of magnetite in beach sands, stream …

The average magnetite compositions of beach and river samples were substantially similar to those of andesite rocks, revealing that the magnetite samples …

Mineral chemistry of magnetite from magnetite …

63 Citations. Explore all metrics. Abstract. Interpretation of the mineralizing environment of magnetite-apatite deposits remains controversial with theories that …

Magmatic immiscibility and the origin of magnetite-(apatite) iron deposits

The origin of magnetite-(apatite) iron deposits (MtAp) is one of the most contentious issues in ore geology with competing models that range from hydrothermal to magmatic processes. Here we report melt inclusions trapped in plagioclase phenocrysts in andesite hosting the MtAp mineralization at El Laco, Chile. The results of our study …

Geochemistry of magnetite from porphyry Cu and skarn deposits …

A combination of petrographic observations, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and statistical data exploration was used in this study to determine compositional variations in hydrothermal and igneous magnetite from five porphyry Cu–Mo and skarn deposits in the southwestern United States, and …

Geology and geochronology of magnetite–apatite deposits in …

Magnetite (hematite) -apatite deposits are common in Proterozoic and Phanerozoic Fe–Cu–Au districts worldwide (e.g., Kiruna district, Sweden; Cloncurry district and Gawler Craton, Australia; Copiapo district, Chile; Mark and Foster, 2000, Williams et al., 2005).They are characterized by a mineral association of magnetite …

The Geochemistry of Magnetite and Apatite from the El

The textures of outcrop and near-surface exposures of the massive magnetite orebodies (>90 vol % magnetite) at the Plio-Pleistocene El Laco iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit in northern Chile are ...

A review of magnetite geochemistry of Chilean iron …

Highlights. Magnetite can be used as a tracer of the geological environment of ore formation and as a fingerprint of the source reservoir of iron. Chilean IOA deposits …

Mineral chemistry of magnetite from magnetite-apatite

Some later studies focused on the magnetite-apatite ores at El Laco in the Atacama desert region of northern Chile, a much younger deposit, which is often considered a modern and shallow (i.e., Pliocene-Holocene) equivalent of the magnetite-apatite deposits found at Kiruna (e.g., Park 1961; Nyström and Henríquez 1994; …

The Geochemistry of Magnetite and Apatite from the El Laco …

The textures of outcrop and near-surface exposures of the massive magnetite orebodies (>90 vol % magnetite) at the Plio-Pleistocene El Laco iron oxide …

Iron-rich melts, magmatic magnetite, and superheated hydrothermal

The genetic model for the El Laco magnetite-(apatite) deposit by Tornos et al. (2016 Tornos et al. (, 2017 is based on the formation of magnetite ore by the separation of immiscible, Fe-rich melt ...

The Magmatic to Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution of the El Laco Deposit

The geology and geochemistry of the El Laco iron oxide deposit (Central Andes, Chile) support a genesis related to the ascent, degassing, and subvolcanic emplacement of an unusual oxidized silica-poor but water-and iron-rich melt that took place during the growth of the host Pliocene-Holocene andesitic volcano.

Tourmaline, scheelite, and magnetite compositions from orogenic gold

Tourmaline, scheelite, and magnetite from orogenic gold deposits (n = 22) and glacial sediments (n = 5) of the Val-d'Or mining district (Québec, Canada) were investigated by Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (EPMA) and Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) in order to determine their chemical …

A review of magnetite geochemistry of Chilean iron …

In this study, we present new textural and microanalytical EPMA and LA-ICP-MS data of magnetite from Carmen, Fresia, Mariela and El Romeral IOA deposits …

Geological and Exploration Models of Beach Placer Deposits…

The principal commodities in the majority of HM sand mining operations are zircon and the titanium minerals (ilmenite, rutile, leucoxene); other heavy minerals, such as sillimanite, staurolite, garnet, monazite and xenotime, are sometimes recovered as co-products (Table 1).Other titanium minerals occur between the end members of ilmenite …

Magnetite

Magnetite-rich sand dunes are found in southern Peru. [44] In 2005, an exploration company, Cardero Resources, discovered a vast deposit of magnetite-bearing sand dunes in Peru. The dune field covers 250 square kilometers (100 sq mi), with the highest dune at over 2,000 meters (6,560 ft) above the desert floor. The sand contains …

Formation of magnetite-(apatite) systems by crystallizing

Magnetite-(apatite) ore deposits are interpreted as being formed by the crystallization of iron-rich ultrabasic melts, dominantly generated by the interaction of silicate melts with oxidized P-F-SO4-bearing sedimentary rocks. This hypothesis is supported by geologic evidence, experimental studies, numerical modeling, stable and radiogenic …

Thermal evolution of Andean iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits …

New contributions to the understanding of Kiruna-type iron oxide–apatite deposits revealed by magnetite ore and gangue mineral geochemistry at the El Romeral deposit, Chile. Ore Geol. Rev. 93 ...

Magmatic immiscibility and the origin of magnetite-(apatite) iron deposits

Location of the El Laco magnetite-(apatite) deposit. a Regional location of El Laco deposit, Chile. RVA—recent volcanic arc. b Geological map of El Laco deposit with sample locations. UTM zone and band 19 K. a and b modified from Tornos, F., Velasco, F. & Hanchar, J. M. Iron-rich melts, magmatic magnetite, and superheated hydrothermal …

Unveiling the effect of magnetite on the synergistic action of deposits …

The synergistic corrosion effect of microorganisms and deposits on carbon steel corrosion was assessed with magnetite and sand. In the presence of the microbial consortium with magnetite, uniform corrosion rates were 3.5 times higher (0.611 mm/year) than the sum of the corrosion rates promoted by the consortium and deposit separately (0.056 and 0.110 …

MAGNETITE, APATITE, TITANITE, AND ACTINOLITE …

We propose that the δ18O and δ⁵⁶Fe data for the Pea Ridge and Pilot Knob magnetite-apatite deposits are consistent with the flotation model recently proposed by Knipping et al. (2015a ...

(PDF) Magnetite-Apatite Deposits at El Laco, Chile

A prominent. example is the 'magnetite lava flows' at El Laco, a ~3 Myr. o ld andesitic arc volcano in the Central Volcanic Zone, Northern Chile. The deposits are well known for their striking ...

The Geochemistry of Magnetite and Apatite from the El …

The Geochemistry of Magnetite and Apatite from the El Laco Iron Oxide-Apatite Deposit, Chile: Implications for Ore Genesis Nikita L. La Cruz,1,2,† J. Tomás Ovalle,3,4 Adam C. Simon,1 Brian A. Konecke,1,5 Fernando Barra,3,4 Martin Reich,3,4 Mathieu Leisen,3,4 and Tristan M. Childress1 1Department of Earth and Environmental …

Formation of massive iron deposits linked to explosive volcanic

The Magmatic to Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution of the El Laco Deposit (Chile) and Its Implications for the Genesis of Magnetite-Apatite Deposits. Econ. Geol 112, 1595–1628 (2017).