rare earth surplus

EconPapers: Behind of the criticality for rare earth elements: Surplus …

Behind of the criticality for rare earth elements: Surplus of China's yttrium. Shijiang Xiao, Yong Geng, Xue Rui, Chang Su and Tianli Yao. Resources Policy, 2022, vol. 76, issue C . Abstract: Yttrium (Y), mainly using for phosphors, is considered as one of critical rare earth elements (REEs) in several countries. However, its flows and stocks in the whole life and …

Reshaping Heavy Rare Earth Supply Chains Amidst …

China's official heavy rare earth (HRE) supply, vital to the global sustainable transition, has declined by 90% over the past 20 years. Global concerns have mounted …

Recovery and separation of rare earth elements by molten …

With the increasing demand of rare earth metals in functional materials, recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from secondary resources has become important for the green economy transition. Molten salt electrolysis has the advantages of low water consumption and low hazardous waste during REE recovery. This review systematically …

Towards carbon neutrality: Improving resource efficiency of the rare

The second challenge is that each rare earth element has different features, resulting in various supply problems, including both supply shortage and surplus problem. The third challenge is that current applications of most rare earth elements are mainly used to make primary products, instead of high-tech products.

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Behind of the Criticality for Rare Earth Elements: Surplus of …

Request PDF | On Jan 4, 2022, Shijiang Xiao and others published Behind of the Criticality for Rare Earth Elements: Surplus of China's Yttrium | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ...

Behind of the criticality for rare earth elements: Surplus o

Downloadable (with restrictions)! Yttrium (Y), mainly using for phosphors, is considered as one of critical rare earth elements (REEs) in several countries. However, its flows and stocks in the whole life and fundamental supply and demand are still unclear, leading to that it is difficult to measure its criticality. This study aims to estimate China's Y flows and …

Simulating producer responses to selected chinese rare earth …

First, the Chinese State Reserve Bureau (SRB) began a rare earth stockpiling program in 2013. The first stockpile purchase was in mid-2013 and the SRB paid a 10% premium for the stockpiled rare earths. In late-2014 it was reported that the government had built storage for more than 40 thousand tons of REOs and the SRB may purchase up to …

Eyes on Greenland: how global superpowers can court Greenland in a rare

But rare earths – important in consumer and medical technology, as well as weapons and defence systems – likely make up China's strongest economic lever. In 2010, China halted the export of rare earth minerals to Japan in the wake of a diplomatic dispute – causing the prices of rare earth minerals to skyrocket.

U.S. Military Surplus Neodymium Power Rare …

Power up your science study with these hard-pulling Neodymium Rare Earth Magnets. Incredibly strong for their size, each rectangular Magnets are only 0.75x0.35x0.25" yet "snap" together as well as onto other …

By-product Surplus: Lighting the Depreciative Europium in China's Rare

This study quantified the flows and stocks of Eu in mainland China from 1990 to 2018. Results show that: (1) China's Eu demand decreased by 75% from 2011 to 2018, as a result of the lighting ...

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Investigating lanthanum flows and stocks in China: A …

The accumulative surplus of La under the quota system is 35,929 tons. ... Rare earth elements (REEs) are irreplaceable in modern societies due to rising demands, especially amidst the urgent energy transition background. As the first ordered and the second most produced REE, lanthanum is widely used in conventional fields. This study ...

Assessing samarium resource efficiency in China: A

Samarium supply highly depends on the rare earth concentrate. However, the production of rare earth concentrates remained stable, leading to that annual samarium stocks decreased from 367 tons surplus in 2011 to 24 tons in 2020 (Fig. 3-b). Meanwhile, samarium price fluctuated during the study period.

Measuring the anthropogenic cycles of light rare earths in …

Light rare earth elements (LREEs) are of strategic importance for low carbon transition and decarbonization. However, the imbalance between LREEs exists and a systematic understanding of their flows and stocks is lacking, which impedes the attainment of resources efficiency and exacerbates the environmental burdens. ... namely surplus …

The U.S.-China Supply Competition for Rare Earth …

Rare earth elements are a group of 17 chemical elements in the periodic table [ 2] 1 for which no backstop technology exists. 2 Owing to their very special …

Used Magnetic Separators for Scrap Yard for Sale | Surplus …

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How rare earth elements make modern technology …

Chemistry. How rare earth elements' hidden properties make modern technology possible. These 17 metals fine-tune light and generate powerful magnetic fields. In August, China finished...

Environmental impacts of the future supply of …

Abstract The environmental impacts of rare earth mining have recently caused public concern, because demand for the rare earth elements neodymium (Nd ... due to stock piling, surplus capacities, or supply …

Perspective and Prospects for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets

Practical rare earth permanent magnets take one of four forms, as illustrated in Fig. 3 and Table 1.The better ones have higher magnetization M, averaged over the whole volume of rare earth magnetic material and binder phases.The energy product scales as M 2, so the best magnets have highly oriented grains of the rare earth magnet …

Global rare earth supply deficit should turn into a surplus …

According to a research note released by Goldman Sachs today, the world's rare earth supply deficit will probably reach its apex this year, before converting into a surplus by 2013.

GM and Stellantis Invest in EV Magnet Startup Amid …

Key Takeaways. General Motors and Stellantis joined other automakers investing a combined $33 million in Niron Magnetics, a startup producing rare earth-free magnets used in electric vehicles.

Custom Rare Earth Magnets and Magnetic Assemblies

Why Stanford Magnets. Stanford Magnets has been providing quality rare earth magnets since the 1990s to our partners in electric, mechanical, medical, aviation, and military areas. Customization - We provide customized solutions for world-leading companies. Experienced - More than 20 years in supplying a wide range of rare earth …

Criticality of the Rare Earth Elements

Recent constraints on supplies of the rare earth elements (REEs) have led to concerns about their long-term availability as well as the consequences that shortages would pose for modern technology. T...

Byproduct Surplus: Lighting the Depreciative Europium in China's Rare

Byproduct Surplus: Lighting the Depreciative Europium in China's Rare Earth Boom. Environ Sci Technol. 2020; 54(22) ... the supply of Eu mined as a byproduct kept increasing together with the growing rare earth production, which caused a substantial supply surplus being ≈1900 t by 2018; (3) despite the leading role of China in global Eu ...

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Byproduct Surplus: Lighting the Depreciative …

Byproduct Surplus: Lighting the Depreciative Europium in China's Rare Earth Boom. Qiao-Chu Wang., Peng Wang., Yang Qiu., Tao Dai., and. Wei-Qiang …

Behind of the Criticality for Rare Earth Elements: Surplus of …

DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4000376 Corpus ID: 245811044; Behind of the Criticality for Rare Earth Elements: Surplus of China's Yttrium @article{Xiao2022BehindOT, title={Behind of the Criticality for Rare Earth Elements: Surplus of China's Yttrium}, author={Shijiang Xiao and Yong Geng and Xue Rui and Chang Su and Tianli Yao}, journal={SSRN Electronic …

Interdependence in rare earth element supply between …

Soaring demand for rare earth elements (REEs)—key to many low-carbon technologies—has raised concerns due to the unvalidated perception that China dominates the REE supply. Countries such as the United States seek to reduce their dependence on importing REEs from China. However, the relationship between key participating …

U.S. Begins Forging Rare Earth Supply Chain

Rare earth elements (REEs) are vital to the development of low-carbon technologies. There are rising concerns in the United States and elsewhere about REE …