pulverization of ammonium perchlorate

(PDF) Biological treatment of ammonium perchlorate …

102 H. Ma et al.|Biological treatment of ammonium perchlorate-contaminated wastewater Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination |06.1 |2016. reduction occurs throughout the pH range from 5.0 to 9.0 ...

Enhanced decomposition of laminated ammonium perchlorate composite …

Ammonium perchlorate (NH 4 ClO 4, AP) has been widely used in propellants and polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) due to its high oxygen content, high density, large amounts of gas generation, simple ...

Perchlorate: Health Effects and Technologies for Its Removal …

Thyroid glandular T4 content was significantly decreased in 21-day bobwhite quail embryos from eggs with a concentration of ≥ 0.5 μg/g ammonium perchlorate and in hatchlings from eggs with ≥ 50 mg/L ammonium perchlorate . However, egg concentrations of up to 300 μg/g did not result in hypothyroidism in embryos or hatchlings.

Nanometer Ammonium Perchlorate and Ammonium …

Nanometer (nano) ammonium perchlorate (AP) and ammonium nitrate (AN) were prepared with 2D network structures by the ultra-low temperature spray method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG …

Effect of aluminum morphology on thermal decomposition of ammonium …

The influence of porosity of ammonium perchlorate (AP) on the thermomechanical and thermal properties of the AP/polyvinylchloride (PVC) composite propellants. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2014;116(1):279–86. Article CAS Google Scholar Sovizi MR, Fakhrpour G, Madram AR. Comparison of thermal degradation behavior of …

Cocrystals of ammonium perchlorate with a series of …

Three cocrystals of ammonium perchlorate (AP) with a series of crown ethers have been prepared successfully through the solvent/antisolvent method, including 18-crown-6 (18C6), benzo-18-crown-6 (B18C6), and dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6). Crystal structures of the three cocrystals characterized by single crysta

The catalytic thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate …

The excellent thermal decomposition efficiency of ammonium perchlorate (AP) is of great importance for obtaining propellant with fast specific impulse. In this study, four CuMxOy catalysts, including M = Fe, Ni, Co, and Zn, were synthesized and then used for catalyzing AP decomposition and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based …

Preparation of Fine Ammonium Perchlorate by …

Abstract. Ammonium perchlorate (AP)‐based composite propellant is the most widely used solid propellant. Fine AP is required to obtain a propellant with a high …

NH4ClO4 = N2 + Cl2 + O2 + H20

To get to integer coefficients we multiply all variable by 2. a = 2. b = 1. c = 1. d = 2. e = 4. Now we substitute the variables in the original equations with the values obtained by solving the linear algebra system and arrive at the fully balanced equation: 2 NH 4 ClO 4 = N 2 + Cl 2 + 2 O 2 + 4 H 2 O.

Pulverization Of Ammonium Perchlorate

pulverization of ammonium perchlorate T09:04:52+00:00 pulverization of ammonium perchlorate 1 Introduction Ammonium perchlorate (AP), NH 4 ClO 4, which is one of the most commonly used solid propellant oxidizers, is a strong oxidizing substanceIt readily reacts with reductive substances, decomposing and releasing a large amount of …

Design and preparation of novel spherical …

So far, only a few methods, such as physical crushing and recrystallization, have been used to regulate the morphology of AP. Through physical crushing, including …

Preparation of surface modified ammonium perchlorate …

The surface modified AP were elaborated as follows: Ammonium perchlorate was firstly dried at 80 °C for 4 h. The mixtures of AP-nFe 2 O 3 (97 : 3) and AP–NC–nFe 2 O 3 (97 : 1.5: 1.5) were prepared by the spray drying method, which allows the control of several parameters such as the quantity and concentration of the spray as …

Investigation of the Effective Parameters on the …

PDF. Tools. Share. Abstract. Ammonium perchlorate is one of the most important and applicable oxidizers used in solid propellants. Also, the morphology of …

Ammonium perchlorate

Ammonium perchlorate should be stored in a closed container in a dry, cool, ventilated area, as close as practical to the workplace in which it will be used. 1. Reactivities and Incompatibilities. Because ammonium perchlorate is a solid oxidizer, keep away from acids, alkalis, reducing agents, and combustibles. 1. Exposure controls Sampling and ...

Establishing a coating of ferrocene-based hyperbranched …

1. Introduction. Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is one of the most widely used oxidants for composite solid propellants. Its thermal decomposition directly influences the composite solid propellant's combustion performance [1], [2], [3].AP is a highly stable ionic compound and undergoes decomposition in two steps i.e., low-temperature decomposition stage …

Preparation of different morphology Cu/GO

The structures, the morphology and the catalytic performance and catalytic mechanism for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) of the Cu/GO nanocomposites have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron …

Thermal Behavior and Decomposition Mechanism of Ammonium Perchlorate

Nanometer triaminoguanidine nitrate (TAGN) with mean size of 218.7 nm was fabricated, and its structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, IR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. As an energetic accelerator for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and ammonium nitrate (AN), 10% nano …

Ammonium Perchlorate | Formula, Properties & Application

The chemical formula for ammonium perchlorate, NH 4 ClO 4, indicates that it is composed of ammonium ions (NH 4+) and perchlorate ions (ClO 4– ). It is an inorganic compound that is odorless and colorless, appearing as a white crystal at room temperature. Its molar mass is approximately 117.49 g/mol. Solubility: Ammonium perchlorate is …

pulverization of ammonium perchlorate

For ammonium perchlorate, the heat effect coincided with the heat of dissociation of ammonium perchlorate into ammonia and perchloric acid (242–251 kJ/mol) [59]. Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate under rapid heating with the help of CO 2 laser providing the possibility to obtain heat flow 39 to 222 cal/(cm 2 s) was …

Research on the Jet Milling Process of Oxidizer for Solid …

[7] Jain Sunil et al 2009 Size and Shape of Ammonium Perchlorate and their Influence on Properties of Composite Propellant Defence Science Journal 59 205-214 Google Scholar [8] Lee Hong Woon, Song Sinae and Kim Hee Taik 2019 Improvement of pulverization efficiency for micro-sized particles grinding by uncooled high-temperature …

NH4ClO4 (Ammonium Perchlorate) Molar Mass

Ammonium Perchlorate Element Mass Percent Oxygen 63.9976g Oxygen 63.9976g Chlorine 35.453g Chlorine 35.453g Nitrogen 14.0067g Nitrogen 14.0067g Hydrogen 4.0318g Hydrogen 4.0318g NH4ClO4 # of Atoms Hydrogen 4 Hydrogen 4 Oxygen 4 Oxygen 4 Nitrogen 1 Nitrogen 1 Chlorine 1 Chlorine 1. 🛠️ Calculate Molar Mass.

Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Section snippets Phase transition. Ammonium perchlorate is a white crystalline substance. Two most important crystal modifications of ammonium perchlorate are: orthorhombic (region of existence: T < 240 °C) (Fig. 1) and cubic one, which is stable at temperatures T . > 240 °C. Heat of phase transition of ammonium perchlorate from …

Microbial perchlorate reduction: rocket-fuelled metabolism

Perchlorate (ClO 4−) is a soluble anion that consists of a central chlorine atom surrounded by a tetrahedral array of four oxygen atoms. It is known to affect the function of the thyroid gland ...

Preparation and Properties of a Flake Aluminum Powder in an Ammonium …

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is one of the important components of the CMDB propellant, which has been extensively employed as an oxidizer. ... The friction, extrusion, shearing, and collisions inside the cylinder were improved, the effective pulverization area was increased, and the production efficiency was enhanced. A 200-g …

Recent advances in new oxidizers for solid rocket propulsion

Ammonium perchlorate (AP), the workhorse of oxidizers in solid rocket and missile propellants, exhibits various environmental issues resulting from the release of perchlorate into ground water, which have been directly linked to thyroid cancer. Furthermore, the generation of hydrochloric acid causes the depl 2017 Green Chemistry Hot Articles

Sphericity and size optimization of ammonium …

Sphericity and size optimization of ammonium perchlorate (AP) particles in cooling crystallization process (CCP) based on the Taguchi method: separately and …

Nanometer Ammonium Perchlorate and Ammonium …

Abstract. Nanometer (nano) ammonium perchlorate (AP) and ammonium nitrate (AN) were prepared with 2D network structures by the ultra-low temperature spray …

Preparation and properties of ultra-fine ammonium perchlorate composite

Ammonium perchlorate (AP)‐based composite propellant is the most widely used solid propellant. ... Wu et al. used an air jet pulverization method to fabricate superfine AP particles with very ...

Ammonium perchlorate

Introduction. Ammonium perchlorate, NH 4 ClO 4, a colorless solid, 1 is orthorhombic crystalline in structure. Ammonium perchlorate is soluble in both water and methanol, but has limited solubility in ethanol and acetone. 2 The CAS Registry number is . 3 Its molecular weight is 117.49. 2 Ammonium perchlorate is used largely in …

Prediction of Particle Size of Ammonium Perchlorate during

Ammonium perchlorate has been pulverised by an impact mill (air classifier mill) to studythe influence of different operating parameters, viz., effect of mill speed, classifier speed, feedrate, and damper opening (suction rate) on the particle size. Further based on the differentgrinding parameters, an empirical equation has been developed …