rare earths case

Mapping the Impacts and Conflicts of Rare-Earth Elements

The Rare Earths Impacts and Conflict Map. The cases of socio-environmental resistance to REE extraction, processing and recycling documented on the map signal worrying trends regarding the historical and ongoing environmental, social and human rights impacts and abuses taking place across REE supply chains.

Rare Earths: Changes in China's Policies

Under the best-case scenario, consultations over the WTO case may help China and its trading partners resolve some of these tensions over rare earths resources and the technologies that use them.

Challenges to the European automotive industry in

Request PDF | Challenges to the European automotive industry in securing critical raw materials for electric mobility: the case of rare earths | Critical raw materials (CRMs) are crucial for the ...

Lynas Rare Earths: Leading Pure Play Rare Earths Company

The Case For Non-Chinese Rare Earths. Due to their unique physical and magnetic properties, rare earth minerals like neodymium and praseodymium ("NdPr") are critically important to modern-day ...

India's Rare Earths Industry: A Case of Missed Opportunities

The creation of knowledge in the rare earths domain in India is confi ned to a few government-run complexes with no major links to commercial industry. With interaction between the research community and industry non-existent, India's position as a player in the global rare earths ecosystem is bound to be weak. Further, in the absence of a …

Revisiting the China–Japan Rare Earths dispute of 2010 | CEPR

The poster child for concerns about weaponising trade is China's apparent refusal to ship Rare Earths to Japan in the third quarter of 2010. Drawing upon an analysis in the recently published Global Trade Alert report on critical raw materials, this column revisits the evidence about this salient episode. The findings highlight that in times of …

What China's Ban on Rare Earths Processing Technology …

Published January 8, 2024. China announced a ban of rare earth extraction and separation technologies on December 21, 2023. This has significant implications for U.S. national, economic, and rare earth security. Rare earth elements—a group of 17 metals —are used in defense technologies, including missiles, lasers, vehicle-mounted systems ...

What They're Saying: U.S. Victory on Rare Earth Exports

In standing up for American workers and businesses, the United States won a World …

Challenges to the European automotive industry in …

raw materials for electric mobility: the case of rare earths Marc Schmid* Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Economics, Große Steinstraße 73, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany Abstract Critical raw materials (CRMs) are crucial for the transformation towards low carbon mobility. However, their production is often highly

ENVIRONMENT: Rare Earths: Lessons for Latin America

Rare earths are necessary to produce the powerful magnets used in maglev trains, drones, computer hard drives, and wind turbines. They act as amplifiers in the fiber-optic cables essential to global internet communications and are used in the imaging technologies of satellites, MRI machines, and televisions. Smart phones, hybrid vehicles, and ...

WTO Dispute Settlement: One-Page Case Summaries …

One-Page Case Summaries WTO Dispute Settlement: One-Page Case Summaries 1995–2020 2021 EDITION ... 432, 433 China – Rare Earths 187 DS435, 441, 458 and 467 Australia – Tobacco Plain Packaging 188 DS436 US – Carbon Steel (India) 189 DS437 US – Countervailing Measures (China) 190 US – Countervailing Measures (Article 21.5 - …

Understanding Rare Earth Elements as Critical Raw Materials

1.1. Rare Earth Elements. Rare earth elements (REEs) [ 1 ], sometimes also referred to as rare earth metals (REMs) [ 2] as the basis for rare earth materials [ 3 ], are critical to producing high technology equipment [ 4] and for innovative technologies [ 5 ], often as alloys [ 6] or additives thereof [ 7 ], to achieve advanced material ...

The Truth Behind China's Rare Earths Embargo

Rare earths, in case you need a refresher, are a class of 17 elements used in everything from mobile phones, to hybrid car batteries, to flat-screen TVs, to guided missile systems, to wind turbines.

A comprehensive evaluation of the international …

How does China compare with other major countries in the production and export of rare earths, a group of strategic minerals with high economic and environmental value? This article presents a comprehensive evaluation of the international competitiveness of rare earths in China, Australia, Russia and India, using a multi …

The race to produce rare earth materials | MIT Technology …

China has dominated the market for rare earth elements, but US scientists and companies are scrambling to catch up. By. Mureji Fatunde. January 5, 2024. US-based Noveon Magnetics extracts ...

The Debate over Rare Earths: Recent Developments in …

So the WTO case regarding rare earths may help China to upgrade and integrate China's rare earth industry. If the case is won by the United States, EU, and Japan, costs for Chinese firms would eventually increase, resulting in domestic production and usage of rare earths that is more efficient and more environmentally friendly. The …

Start – Rare Earths Info Page

Rare earths must be understood in light of their history and the beginnings of their extraction. ... When ignited in air, they burn to form La 2 O 3 (in the case of cerium, CeO 2), and some of the elements, such as terbium and …

Revisiting the China–Japan Rare Earths dispute of …

19 Jul 2023. The poster child for concerns about weaponising trade is China's apparent …

1. MEASURE AND PRODUCT AT ISSUE

Measure at issue: Export restrictions on a number of rare earths, tungsten, and molybdenum. The export restrictions comprised export duties, export quotas, and certain limitations on the enterprises permitted to export the products. Products at issue: Various forms of rare earths, tungsten, and molybdenum. SUMMARY OF KEY PANEL/AB …

A Note on the China Rare Earths Case | SpringerLink

Among these cases the most important and most recent is the China Rare Earths Case. In this paper the authors analyze and evaluate the panel and Appellate Body opinions in the Rare Earths Case. Three points are especially important. First, the case brings out the fact of the disparity between import and export measures in the law of the …

American Rare Earths' Scoping Study confirms low-cost, …

Stantec completed a high-level comparison of a 6.0 Mtpa alternative production rate and compared to the Base Case of 3.0 Mtpa to investigate the upside of the property in the case that a higher ...

(PDF) Export control as industrial policy on natural resources

The context comes from the concerned restrictions that led to the China – Raw Materials and China - Rare Earths cases at the WTO. Much of the literature has been focusing on systemic linkages ...

What are rare earth elements, and why are they …

The rare earth elements (REE) are a set of seventeen metallic elements. These include the fifteen lanthanides on the periodic table plus scandium and yttrium. Rare earth elements are an essential part of many high …

Obama announces WTO case against China over rare earths

In a statement to reporters at the White House, Obama said the case seeks to force China to lift export limits on certain minerals known as rare earths. China produces 97% of all rare earths ...

The Debate over Rare Earths: Recent Developments …

Recent Developments in Industry and the WTO Case. NBR reunited two …

American Rare Earths' Scoping Study confirms low-cost,

Sensitivities of Base Case 3 Mtpa. As illustrated above, the project is most sensitive to Processing Capital and NdPr prices. At currently depressed spot prices ($54.60/kg) for NdPr, the project ...

Rare earths: A review of the landscape | MRS …

Rare earths are critical components to many technologies that drive the modern world. Though rare earths are present in most parts of the world, they are produced mostly in China because of a confluence …

EU, US, Japan launch rare earth WTO case against China

The United States and the EU have long been expected to file a WTO case against China's rare earth mineral export curbs, but appeared to be awaiting the outcome of a separate case against Beijing ...

WTO | dispute settlement

Complaint by the United States. (See also DS432 and DS433) On 13 March 2012, the United States requested consultations with China with respect to China's restrictions on the export of various forms of rare earths, tungsten and molybdenum. The request refers to materials falling … See more

Pathways for greening the supply of rare earth elements in …

Altogether, total production is expected to increase to 164,000 tonnes by 2025 to meet the global demand for rare earths 34, which makes up the 'Base Case' sub-scenario for production in this ...