AP-42, CH 12.9: Secondary Copper Smelting
12.9 Secondary Copper Smelting. 12.9.1 General1,2. As of 1992, more than 40 percent of the U. S. supply of copper is derived from secondary sources, including such items as machine shop punchings, turnings, and borings; manufacturing facility defective or surplus goods; automobile radiators, pipes, wires, bushings, and bearings; and ...
Precious metal recoveries in secondary copper smelting …
Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) represents a significant urban resource for precious metals. To maximize the recoveries and sustainable use of these metals, their behavior needs to be characterized in the secondary copper smelting of WEEE. The current study experimentally determined the distributions of gold, silver, …
New Source Performance Standards Review for …
The secondary lead smelting source category consists of facilities that produce lead and lead alloys from lead-bearing scrap material. Lead is used to make …
Secondary Lead Smelting
Secondary Lead Smelting Objectives. Describe the basic smelting process terms: smelting, refining, and alloying. List key chemicals associated with secondary lead …
Secondary lead smelting oxygen supply equipment
The utility model is suitable for an oxygen supply equipment technical field provides a secondary lead smelts oxygen supply equipment, the gas bomb is close to seted up the inlet port on the lateral wall of oxygenerator, the gas outlet of oxygenerator through first gas-supply pipe with the inlet port intercommunication, the gas bomb upper surface has …
eTool : Lead: Secondary Lead Smelter
Lead dust may be generated: At the discharge end of dryers. At the transfer points to the ram feeder or reverberatory furnace. The dryer may leak lead-bearing dust due to inadequate exhaust ventilation. Fugitive emissions may come from charge preparation. Lead dust may be reentrained from the road or floor as vehicles move about the drying …
eTool : Lead: Secondary Lead Smelter
Enclose or cover containers used to transport lead from dust collection systems. When working on or entering ventilation or dust-control equipment for maintenance or cleaning, implement proper permit required confined space entry and energy-control procedures. Always provide appropriate personal protection equipment.
Secondary Lead Smelter SO2 Scrubber
An unutilized secondary lead smelting facility was retrofitted with new process equipment to restart operations. Air pollution control equipment was needed to achieve greater than 96% removal of peak loads of up to 4,500 lb/hr of SO2 from the furnace exhaust. The customer selected an Envitech packed bed scrubber to meet emission requirements.
Pyrometallurgical Processing of Secondary Lead Material: …
More recently, direct smelting furnaces have gained interest for the processing of secondary lead materials. Ausmelt, Isasmelt, TBRC, QSL and Kivcet furnaces are in use worldwide, mostly in combination with primary lead material. These types of furnaces have greatly contributed to reduce emissions and operating costs.
eTool : Lead: Secondary Lead Smelter | Occupational …
Lead: Secondary Lead Smelter. Overview. Overexposure to lead is a leading cause of workplace illness in the lead industry. Employees working in secondary lead smelter …
Technical and Economic Study for Small and Medium …
The secondary lead smelting industry produces lead and lead alloys by reclaiming lead, mainly from used batteries. This industry, although a source of lead pollution, should be recognized ... equipped with state-of-the-art equipment and air pollution control systems that will virtually eliminate environmental pollution. 11 Egyptian ...
FACT SHEET
batteries, into elemental lead or lead alloys. The process of smelting separates lead from other metals and nonmetallic contaminants. The process occurs in blast, reverberatory, and rotary kiln furnaces. • There are 11 secondary lead smelters in the U.S. that are subject to the NSPS. • Following a review of the NSPS, EPA is finalizing:
Secondary Lead Smelters: New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)
The secondary lead smelting industry consists of facilities that recycle lead-bearing scrap material, typically lead acid batteries, into elemental lead or lead alloys. The promulgated standards limit emissions of particulate matter (1) from blast- (cupola) and reverberatory furnaces to no more than 50 mg/dscm (10.022 gr/dscf) and to less than ...
12.11 Secondary Lead Processing
12.11.2.2 Smelting -. Smelting produces lead by melting and separating the lead from metal and nonmetallic contaminants and by reducing oxides to elemental lead. Smelting is carried out in blast, reverberatory, and rotary kiln furnaces. Blast furnaces produce hard or antimonial lead containing about 10 percent antimony.
Secondary Lead Smelting
SIC: 3341; NAICS: 331492. U.S. lead consumption: 1.8 million metric tons per year (2004) 62% of which is met by secondary lead industry. Worldwide consumption: 9.6 million metric tons per year (2010) 51% of which is met by secondary lead industry. Process Overview. SIC: 3341; NAICS: 331492.
Lead smelting | STC
STC designs and supplies complete lead smelting units for new smelters to process lead bearing materials such as lead paste (desulphurized or non-desulphurized), metallic …
Federal Register :: National Emissions Standards for …
The EPA received petitions for reconsideration of the final rule from the secondary lead smelting industry. One issue raised in the petitions relates to the table of dioxin and furan congeners contained in the regulatory text (Table 3 to Subpart X of Part 63—Toxic Equivalency Factors).
eTool : Lead: Secondary Lead Smelter
Spilled slag or molten lead may emit lead fumes. Possible Engineering and Work Practice Controls: Provide local exhaust ventilation at the lead and slag tap, launders, molds, …
eTool : Lead: Secondary Lead Smelter
The most common raw material at a secondary lead smelter is used automotive batteries. Batteries are typically unloaded by hand from trailers, conveyors, or from pallets. The batteries are then prepared for smelting by draining the acid and separating the plates, rubber, plastic containers, and sludge.
Secondary Lead Smelting Background Information …
Response: The feed dryer exhausts are subject to the lead emission standard of 2.0 mg/dscm and are considered a process fugitive emission stream. The EPA has revised the rule to clarify that all other sources, including feed dryers and other smelting furnace types, shall meet a lead emission standard of 2.0 mg/dscm.
Primary and Secondary Smelting Operations » EnviroBlend
Like primary lead smelting, the processing of secondary lead can also produce lead dust and toxic slag. If smelting plants and equipment are not properly constructed to minimize the release of pollutants, lead toxins can often enter the surrounding environment and contaminate soil, water, and food.
eTool : Lead: Secondary Lead Smelter
Containers of contaminated protective clothing and equipment must be appropriately labeled. [29 CFR 1910.1025(g)(2)(vii)] Removal of lead from protective clothing or equipment by blowing, shaking, or any other means which disperses lead into the air is prohibited. [29 CFR 1910.1025(g)(2)(viii)] (Fig. 2).
eTool : Lead: Secondary Lead Smelter
Secondary lead smelting - Secondary smelting produces lead and lead alloys from lead-bearing scrap metal. Raw materials used in secondary lead smelting include scrap automobile batteries, wheel balance weights, pipe, solder, drosses, and lead sheathing. Slag - A product resulting from the interaction of flux and impurities in the refining and ...
Secondary Lead Smelter SO2 Scrubber
An unutilized secondary lead smelting facility was retrofitted with new process equipment to restart operations. Air pollution control equipment was needed to achieve greater than 96% removal of peak loads of up to …
ENFI SKS Lead & Copper Smelting Furnace
In the field of lead smelting, this process equipment is in the forefront of the industry, accounting for more than 80% of the lead smelting capacity in China. ... and the molten oxidized lead slag is added to the RSKS furnace through hot slag chute for reduction smelting to produce secondary lead bullion and slag. Copper smelting: Copper ...
Path to the sustainable development of China's secondary lead …
Therefore, they are widely used in motor vehicles, electric bicycles, ships, and communication equipment (Zeng and Mao, 2010a, ... lead dust, and fly ash. The crude lead obtained by fire smelting is smelted again in a secondary smelting process to obtain lead alloy or refined lead (lead content >95%). This is done by adding coke to the ...
Lead Smelting
Two-stage smelting. Often the large secondary smelters use a two-stage process to smelt battery scrap. With a limited amount of reduction in the first stage, a 'soft' lead and a high antimonial slag are produced. This process is usually carried out in a reverberatory furnace with capacities exceeding 50 000 tpa.
:: WorstPolluted : Projects Reports
Lead Pollution. Estimated Population at Risk: 1.9 Million. Description. Lead processing and smelting plants work with both primary and secondary lead. Primary lead is mined, separated from ore, and refined into various products, whereas secondary lead is recovered from used objects – such as used lead-acid batteries – for reuse in other ...
FACT SHEET
Secondary lead smelting facilities recycle lead-bearing scrap material, mainly lead acid batteries, into elemental lead or lead alloys. The process of smelting …
Application: Secondary Lead Smelter
Secondary Lead Smelters. Secondary lead production involves the collection and purification of lead bearing scrap material for reuse. The primary source of scrap material is lead acid batteries. The lead is separated from the battery casings in a battery breaking process. The lead is then smelted in furnaces which can include blast ...
