Aluminum- and iron-based coagulation for in-situ …
Aluminum- and iron-based coagulation for in-situ removal of dissolved organic carbon, disinfection byproducts, mercury and other constituents from agricultural drain water. …
A review on electrocoagulation process for the removal of …
Electrocoagulation (EC) is an excellent and promising technology in wastewater treatment, as it combines the benefits of coagulation, flotation, and electrochemistry. During the last decade, extensive researches have focused on removal of emerging contaminants by using electrocoagualtion, due to its several advantages like …
BORON REMOVAL FROM HYDRAULIC FRACTURING …
aluminum electrocoagulants are effective in adsorbing boron [19, 20], we hypothesized that conventional chemical coagulation would also be a cost-effective and facile option. Hydrolyzing aluminum and ferric salts are commonly employed as coagulants to remove turbidity (suspended solids), organic matter, microorganisms, arsenic, and other
Coagulation by hydrolysing metal salts
According to the PCN model, coagulation with aluminium or iron salts involves three steps: 1. Destabilisation begins after addition of a dose of coagulant that exceeds the operational solubility limit of aluminium (or iron) hydroxide. 2. Aluminium or iron hydroxide species are then deposited onto colloidal surfaces, as shown in Fig. 4. …
Application of cerium and lanthanum coagulants in
In this study, a centrate stream was treated with lanthanides through coagulation. The study also established comparative performance between lanthanides and other commonly used coagulants, like FeCl 3, Al 2 ... This rank strongly favors the formation of aluminum and iron hydroxides, more so than lanthanum and cerium …
Electrocoagulation Process
Aluminum, iron, or mild steel and magnesium are used for the EC process. ... (OP) during coagulation was investigated. Aluminum and iron electrodes provided high rates of OP removal compared to magnesium. The authors reported that the estimated molar ratio of metal dosed to OP removed was determined to be approximately 1.3 for aluminum ...
Electrocoagulation in Water Treatment | SpringerLink
The difference between electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation is mainly in the way of which aluminum or iron ions are delivered (Zhu et al. 2005; Avsar et al. 2007). Electrocoagulation is a process consisting of creating metallic hydroxide flocks within the water by electrodissolution of the soluble anodes, usually made of iron or …
Characterization and coagulation–flocculation behavior of …
The most common coagulants used during the coagulation–flocculation process are hydrolyzing metal salts of aluminum and iron such as AlCl 3, Al 2 (SO 4) 3, FeCl 3, and Fe 2 (SO 4) 3 [9], [10]. Their major drawbacks are that the coagulant species form rapidly during dilution, and the formation of hydrolysis species cannot be controlled.
Water Handbook
Also, the iron and aluminum hydroxide flocs increase volume requirements for the disposal of settled sludge. With aluminum sulfate, optimum coagulation efficiency and minimum floc solubility normally occur at pH 6.0 to 7.0. Iron coagulants can be used successfully over the much broader pH range of 5.0 to 11.0.
Coagulation performance and mechanism analysis of humic …
However, the coagulation performance and interaction mechanism for HA removal by using this novel covalent bond aluminum-iron-polyacrylamide coagulant were not clear and need to be further studied. Some studies had proposed the matching mechanism based on HA functional groups and metal salt coagulants hydrolyzed …
(PDF) Optimization of Humic Acids Coagulation with Aluminum and Iron
Both ferric and aluminum salts show good coagulation and complex-forming ability in relation to water-dissolved organic matter. The aim of this study was to characterize the reactions of aluminum ...
Impacts of aluminum- and iron-based coagulants on …
Although aluminum- and iron-based chemicals have been broadly used as the two most common types of coagulants for wastewater treatment, their impacts on the performance of downstream sludge management can be quite different and have not been well understood. This work reviewed and analyzed their sim …
Conventional Water Treatment: Coagulation and Filtration
The coagulation process involves adding iron or aluminum salts, such as aluminum sulphate, ferric sulphate, ferric chloride or polymers, to the water. These chemicals are called coagulants, and have a positive charge. The positive charge of the coagulant neutralizes the negative charge of dissolved and suspended particles in the …
A Comparison Of Aluminum And Iron-based …
Iron-based coagulants (ferric chloride and ferric sulfate) and aluminum-based coagulants (aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and aluminum …
Removal of microplastics from secondary wastewater treatment …
In the present study, the required dosage for 90% MP removal at pH 7.3 was 0.37 mmol/L for iron and 0.16 mmol/L for aluminum. Perren et al. (2018) also reported a high removal of 99.2% with electrocoagulation with iron electrodes (pH 7.5), but their study was conducted with relatively large PE MPs over 300 µm in diameter.
NF membrane fouling by aluminum and iron coagulant …
Mean iron concentrations in the NF feed after the ferric chloride coagulation and MF pretreatments in Runs 4 and 5 were 10 and 18 μg/L, respectively, and the aluminum concentration in the NF feeds was less than 2 μg/L. The percentage rejection of iron by NF was 60–90%, which was not as high as that of aluminum.
Boron removal from hydraulic fracturing wastewater by aluminum and iron
In any case, even though chemical coagulation with alum and iron salts have been shown to remove various physical, organic, and inorganic constituents of oil-field wastewaters (Pourrezaei et al., 2011, Rosenblum et al., 2016), their ability to remove boron from saline flowback/produced waters is yet to be rigorously and systematically evaluated.
Coagulation performance and mechanism analysis of …
Compared with the single aluminum salt and iron salt coagulants, the polyaluminum ferric chloride composite coagulant combined the advantages of …
Coagulation and sludge recovery using titanium …
The merits of TiCl 4 coagulation–flocculation performance was evaluated in terms of particles and organic matter removal and compared with the performances of the commonly used FeCl 3 and Al 2 (SO 4) 3 coagulants. Fig. 1 shows the coagulation efficiencies of the three coagulants as a function of coagulant dose (10–80 mg/L for TiCl …
A review of coagulation explaining its definition
The dosage of aluminum and iron coagulants has an impact on the coagula-tion process as measured by the extent of removing particles that cause water turbidity. It was reported that the relationship between coagulant dosage and the coagulation process had been divided into four zones that start from the low-dosage zone and increasing the …
Alum Coagulant
Another report focused on MPs separation through coagulation (aluminum and iron) and ultrafiltration for PE removal during drinking water treatment (Ma et al., 2019b). Their findings suggest that aluminum-based salts performed well for PE separation, and the removal efficiency was decreased below 40% at a high concentration (15 mM) while …
NF membrane fouling by aluminum and iron coagulant …
The superiority of aluminum or iron coagulation under proper dosages on NF fouling alleviation during filtration of groundwater or wastewater has been reported [53, 54]. As presented in Fig. 8a, c ...
Iron Coagulant
Aluminium (both soluble and particulate) in surface waters is readily removed by coagulation using aluminium or iron coagulants in the pH range 6.5–7.2. In the presence of manganese, aluminium is first removed by coagulation and filtration (with or without …
Water Treatment | Coagulation Chemistry Basics
Learn the basics of Coagulation Chemistry. This video is an excerpt from the American Water College Water Treatment Exam Review course. After a quick overview we look at the different types of coagulants. There are three kinds of coagulants. Namely: Trivalent, Bivalent and Monovalent. Trivalent Coagulants include: Aluminum Iron …
Coagulation characteristics of titanium (Ti) salt coagulant …
In this study, the performance of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl(4)) coagulation and flocculation is compared with commonly used coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (Al(2)(SO(4))(3)), polyaluminum chloride (PACl), iron chloride (FeCl(3)), and polyferric sulfate (PFS) in terms of water quality parameters and floc properties.
Aluminum and iron water treatment residuals and application in
Major components of WTR are soil separates, organic materials, and Al and Fe hydrous metal (hydr)oxides, depending on the metal salt used for coagulation. Alum [Al 2 (SO 4 )3 × 14H 2 O] is the most commonly used coagulant in the United States and Canada (Elliott et al., 1990); the iron salts FeCl 3 and Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 are also used …
Coagulation water treatment: Which coagulants are best …
The optimal pH range of aluminum sulfate is between 5 and 7.5, which means the coagulant performs at its best in slightly acidic or neutral solutions. Ferric chloride may be a better option for coagulation below this level of pH, while ferrous sulfate may be suitable for the treatment of more alkaline water. Sodium aluminate.
Fundamentals of Chemical Coagulation and Precipitation
Chemical treatment as a rule means addition of chemicals. Such chemicals are usually inorganic (such as iron or aluminum salts) or organic (such as cationic, anionic, and non-ionic polymers). These chemicals cause precipitation and/or aggregation (i.e., coagulation and flocculation) of the suspended phase in the wastewater system under ...
Mechanisms of Coagulation With Aluminum …
titative explanation of coagulation with aluminum or iron salts. Earlier research suggested several mechanisms for explaining particle de-stabilization by aluminum or iron salts in …
Boron removal from hydraulic fracturing wastewater by aluminum and iron
Coagulation with aluminum and iron salts is widely used in water treatment facilities; however, process efficiency strongly depends on the coagulant type and microplastic size/type and is ...
